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A Chinese supercomputer system surpassed an American computer for the world's fastest. according to an industry list published in Hamburg, Germany, on Tuesday, giving China the edge over the U.S. with the fastest supercomputer for the first time since 2017.
LineShine. a system built by the Shenzhen Cloud Computing Center inChina, took the crown from El Capitan, a supercomputer housed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California, which had reigned supreme since November 2024.
The last time China held the top spot was in 2017, when the Sunway TaihuLight was ranked No. 1. The U.S. had held the top spot consistently since dethroning Japan's Fugaku in 2021.
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A computer blade for the Hewlett Packard Enterprise El Capitan supercomputer at the HPE Discover event at the Sphere in Las Vegas on June 24. 2025.(Ian Maule/Bloomberg via Getty Images)
LineShine. unlike the majority of high-end supercomputers, is not powered by graphics processing units (GPUs) such as the ones made bychip manufacturer Nvidia. The new compute champion, instead, runs on standard central processing units (CPUs). In total, LineShine runs on over 13 million CPUs, according tothe TOP500 List.
The TOP500 List uses a metric called the High Performance Linpack (HPL) benchmark to measure supercomputer performance. Evaluating a computer along this benchmark involves making the system run a protracted series of calculations. pushing the system to its limit in an attempt to ascertain how much computing it can actually do.
"This performance does not reflect the overall performance of a given system, as no single number ever can. It does. however, reflect the performance of a dedicated system for solving a dense system of linear equations," the TOP500 listwrites on its website.
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Using this benchmark, TOP500 determined that LineShine performed 20% better than El Capitan.
The Hewlett Packard Enterprise El Capitan supercomputer at the HPE Discover event at the Sphere in Las Vegas on June 24. 2025.(Ian Maule/Bloomberg via Getty Images)
LineShine's entrance onto the list also made it the fifth supercomputer in the world to demonstrate exascale capacity. meaning it can perform one quintillion calculations per second.
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WhileChina nabbed the top spot, the U.S. still dominated the rankings overall, holding the second, third and fourth spots with El Capitan, Frontier and Aurora.
President Donald Trump shows an executive order he signed at the White House related to quantum computing on June 22. 2026.(Andrew Harnik/Getty Images)
The Chinese computer's debut on the list comes one day after PresidentDonald Trumpsigned an executive order related to quantum computing. moving the U.S. to upgrade its efforts in the emerging technology that some experts say will transform the computing landscape.
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